Andreia Santos, Rafael Ferraz dos Santos, Victor Hugo Souza de Abreu, Sandra Oda.

Abstract: The chapter explores the opportunities arising from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its current expansion into Latin American territory, analyzing dilemmas that emerge within the context of shifts in global geopolitics. The BRI, initially launched in 2013 to connect Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa, aims to stimulate international trade by fostering collaboration with Chinese enterprises on a global scale. The initiative has incorporated Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) into its environmental cooperation program after a recommendation from the Chinese Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED), a government-affiliated think tank, to achieve domestic climate and biodiversity goals. The expansion of the BRI into Latin America brings significant implications, especially in the context of Sino-American rivalry and US influence in the region. This dynamic, constantly evolving, raises complex challenges, particularly regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda. Within the scope of climate change, SDG 13—Climate Action—stands out due to its global relevance. Climate change directly affects ecosystems and communities worldwide, making it crucial to consider mitigation and adaptation strategies in development initiatives like the BRI. Furthermore, SDG 11—Sustainable Cities and Communities—is essential to consider as the infrastructure developed under the BRI can have significant impacts on urban and rural areas, influencing the quality of life and sustainable development of these communities. Therefore, while the BRI offers opportunities for economic development and regional connectivity, addressing environmental and social issues, adhering to sustainability principles, and seeking synergies with the SDGs, especially those related to climate action and sustainable community development, are crucial.

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Andreia Santos, Victor Hugo Souza de Abreu, Dante Luiz Da Ros Hollanda, Laís Ferreira Crispino Proença, Laura Bahiense.

Abstract: Transportation systems play a vital role in society, fulfilling essential social and economic functions. However, the current state of these systems cannot be considered sustainable. The transportation sector is carbon intensive, i.e. largely driven by fossil fuels. This results in an unsustainable impact both for the environment, with the aggravation of global warming and climate change, and for people’s quality of life, mainly due to the associated pollution. Therefore, there are a lot of political and technical interests in the potential role that renewable hydrogen can support in a transition to a low-carbon economy. Thus, this study aims to conduct a systematic review with a bibliometric approach on the application of renewable hydrogen in the land transportation sector, i.e., in the road and rail sectors, providing insights into the following questions concerning the application of renewable hydrogen in the land transportation sector: (i) What are the key environmental, economic, social, and technological advantages of utilizing renewable hydrogen in land transportation? (ii) What challenges and barriers are encountered when implementing renewable hydrogen in land transportation, and what potential solutions can be implemented to overcome them? (iii) What technologies are currently available for incorporating renewable hydrogen into land transportation? (iv) What are the examples of successful initiatives and projects applying renewable hydrogen in the transportation sector? (v) What are the future prospects for widespread adoption of renewable hydrogen vehicles in land transportation? and (vi) What government policies and economic incentives exist to encourage the use of renewable hydrogen in land transportation?

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Victor Hugo Souza de Abreu, Andrea Souza Santos

Abstract: This chapter presents a compilation of governmental actions (programs, partnerships, roadmaps, plans, resolutions and decrees) related to the promotion of renewable hydrogen in Brazil. In addition, special emphasis is given to the main barriers encountered in Brazil, as well as the main strategies needed to minimize them. The results show that efforts have been implemented since the 2000s until the establishment of the National Hydrogen Program (PNH2). During the literature review, several obstacles involving technological, financial, regulatory, infrastructure and public awareness aspects were identified. To overcome these obstacles, a joint effort between government, industry and society is necessary through investment in research and development, implementation of effective public policies, stimulation of the adoption of more sustainable technologies and promotion of awareness about the advantages of the use of renewable hydrogen.

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Andrea Souza Santos, Victor Hugo Souza de Abreu, Alberto Coralli, Laís Ferreira Crispino Proença.

Abstract: O hidrogênio renovável tem ganhado destaque no cenário atual de transição energética global devido ao seu potencial de ser utilizado como matéria-prima, combustível ou transportador e armazenador de energia limpa, para equilibrar o fornecimento e a demanda de eletricidade. No entanto, a avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) do hidrogênio renovável é necessária para quantificar as possíveis reduções de impactos ambientais de sua implementação em larga escala, inclusive em comparação com as tecnologias existentes. Dessa forma, este estudo aplica uma revisão sistemática com abordagem bibliométrica de estudos sobre a ACV aplicada ao hidrogênio renovável. Os resultados mostram que os estudos sobre a temática são bem atuais e apresentam diversas aplicações práticas, que são limitadas por disponibilidade de dados e generalizações de informação.

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